Relationship of Stress Levels With Binge Eating Disorder Tendencies In Women With Obesity

Relationship of Stress Levels With Binge Eating Disorder Tendencies In Women With Obesity

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Background

Stress is a symptom of psychological disorders that we often encounter in everyday life, where every individual must have experienced it. Psychologically, stress has been shown to create eating behaviors in humans. Not only humans, even stress can cause eating behavior in animals (Mark, Allan, &John, 2006). Most people who are in a state of stress will eat more often because they believe that eating can cope with the stress experienced (Brittany Gower, Zachariah, &University).

According to the Great Dictionary of Indonesian (KBBI, 1998), stress is defined as stress or disorder or mental and emotional turmoil. According to one expert, Hans Selye (in Mumtahinnah, 2008) defines stress as an nonspecific response from the body to each claim imposed or occurred to it. Based on this understanding can be said to be stress, if a person experiences a heavy burden but the person cannot or difficult to cope with something charged, then the body will respond by being unable to the burden, so that the person can experience stress. These responses or actions include physiological and psychological responses. Korchin (in Mumtahinnah, 2008) states that stressful situations arise when extraordinary or too many demands threaten a person's well-being or integrity.

Stress can be distinguished by level, the level of stress experienced by each individual is different. The level of stress is very mild, occurs if there are no severe symptoms experienced. A person who experiences mild levels of stress can still do his or her daily work and activities. While the level of stress is very high occurs if all the symptoms of stress experienced are of severe intensity. In individuals who experience this severe stress level will experience changes in lifestyle (Dewi, Lilik, & Karyanta, 2013).

The first contribution to research on stress was given by Cannon in 1932 on the fight-or-flight response, which stated that organisms perceive a threat, so quickly the body will be aroused and motivated through the systematic and endocrine nervous system. Through this physiological response, organisms are encouraged to attack the threat or escape. Furthermore, the most important contribution to stress research was done by Hans Seyle in 1936 on General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). Seyle states that when an organism is dealing with a stressor, it will push itself to perform actions regulated by the adrenal glands that increase the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Regardless of the cause of the threat, the individual will respond with the same pattern of physiological reactions, the rest by repeating or prolonging stress so that it will smooth and break the system (Ninggalih, 2013).

In some people stress can often be seen through the physical body. For example, the appearance of acne, digestive problems, insomnia, fatigue, headaches, and problems when urinating, as well as other psychosomatic reactions may be signs that there is pressure on someone (Hardjana 1994 in Solihat, 2009). While stress seen from the psychological side is often associated with increased food consumption, especially in consuming high-fat foods (Sims, et al., 2008). Individual differences in psychological and physiological factors explain eating behavior in response to stress (Roemmich, Lambiase, Lobarinas, &Balantekin). According to Marci (2006) stress appears to alter overall food intake by overeating, which may be affected by the high or low severity of stress.

The severity of this stress will affect an abnormal diet that can lead to eating disorders. Eating disorder is a symptom of an abnormal eating disorder. Eating disorder is defined as a disorder that occurs in a person's eating habits caused by the person's concerns about his body shape (Fairburn, 2000 in Garrow, 2000). There are three types of eating disorders according to dsm-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5, 2014): anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder or disorder that makes a person obsess over a weight so small that it makes them willing to starve or even exercise excessively; bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder or disorder in a person that makes him spit out every food that has been consumed to keep his weight from changing; While binge eating disorder is an abnormal disorder or disorder of eating patterns where a person eats a very large amount of food in a limited time, compared to what is eaten by people in general. The time period for a binge is usually 1-2 hours.

Of the three types of eating disorders above that are related to the level of stress pressure that we usually see with overeating is binge eating disorder (Marci, 2006). Where when a person experiences stress, sometimes a person eats an unnatural or excessive pattern and can also eat secretly, then after that someone will regret what he has eaten with weight gain.

A 2005 study from the organization ANRED (Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc.) stated that binge eating disorder also has a large number of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. A British study found that more than 2% (1-2 million) of adults suffer from binge eating (in Hapsari, 2009). According to estimates conducted by the U.S. Conses Bureau, International Data Base (2004) and Tantiani (2007) found an estimated prevalence of binge eating sufferers in Indonesia of 1,669,170 from an estimated population of 218,452,952. In addition, binge eating was found more in overweight populations (30%) than in the general population (5% of women and 3% of men) (Brown, 2005 in Hapsari 2009).

Furthermore, from the results of statistics from the Ministry of Health (Kemenkes) in 2010 also stated that the national prevalence of obesity in general (age >15 years) in Indonesia is estimated at 19.1% (8.8% overweight and 10.3% obes) and the prevalence of central obesity at 18.8%. The national prevalence of obesity in Indonesia is greater in women (23.8%) than in men (13.9%) (health, 2013). Therefore, it can be said that the problem of obesity complaints is more widely recognized by women than men. The reason is because women tend to take issue with their appearance more than men (Mappiare, 1982 in Bestiana, 2012). A woman can be said to be a woman if she has entered the development of early adulthood, early adulthood ranges from her 20s to 30s (Santrock, 2011).

From the results of the above description, the authors wanted to examine the relationship between stress levels and binge eating disorder tendencies in women, especially in early adulthood who are obese. The reason this study is important to research for authors is because binge eating disorder is a relatively new area of research than other eating disorders. In addition, the impact of binge eating disorder sufferers is the rupture of the gastric or esophageal (Ung, 2005 in Hapsari, 2009) and obesity due to uncontrolled diet sufferers. If not treated quickly it will lead to more severe deviant eating behaviors, namely anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In addition, it can also cause dependence on alcohol, drugs, depression and even suicide (McComb, 2001 in Hapsari, 2009).